Update: Jueves, Noviembre 16, 2006
Note: General List of major key dates and events to be updated when time and circumstances permit in order to help us see current events in a larger historical context.
Peta-de-Aztlan
Sacra, Califas, Aztlan
Email: sacranative@yahoo.com
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1790: The Naturalization Act restricts naturalization to “free white persons” and in 1870 Congress added persons of African descent.
1829: Mexico frees the slaves of Texas.
1836: The Texas Republic gains its independence from Mexico.
1845: Texas is officially annexed to the United States.
January 24, 1848: James W. Marshall, an employee of John Sutter’s sawmill, discovered gold. At the time the 15,000 Mexicans in the state were about equal to the Whites, but news of the discovery spread quickly. The gold rush lures a flood of Anglo settlers to California, which becomes a state in 1850.
1848: United States invades Mexico under the banner of Manifest Destiny.
1848: The Treaty of Guadalupe ends the Mexican War and gives half the land area of Mexico to the United States including Texas, California, Arizona, New Mexico and parts of Colorado, Utah and Nevada. About 75,000 Mexicans in the region could become U.S. citizens.
1880: Mexican immigration to the USA is stimulated by the advent of the railroad.
1910: The Mexican Revolution begins with hundreds of thousands of people fleeing north from Mexico and settling in the Southwest.
1917: An immigration act is passed by Congress making literacy a condition of entry into the United States. During World War I, “temporary” Mexican farm workers and other laborers are given a waiver to the immigration law so that they can enter the U.S. to work.
1924: American Indians permitted to be U.S. citizens.
1925: The Border Patrol is created by Congress.
1929: The League of United Latin American Citizens is founded in Texas by frustrated Mexican Americans who find avenues for opportunity in the United States blocked.
1933: Mexican farm workers strike in California supported by groups of independent union organizers and radicals.
1938: Young Mexican and Mexican American pecan shellers strike in Texas.
1943: Prompted by a labor shortage of World War II, the US government makes an agreement with Mexico to supply temporary workers, known as braceros, for American agricultural work.
May, 1943: Zoot Suit Riots in San Diego, California.
1950’s: Immigration from Mexico doubles from 5.9% to 11.9% of total US immigrants.
1954: In Hernandez v. Texas, the Supreme Court recognizes that Hispanics are a separate class of people suffering profound discrimination.
1954-58: Operation Wetback deports 3.8 million persons of Mexican descent.
1965: The National Farm Workers Association meets in a Delano church and vote to join the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee strike. Chavez’ National Farm Workers Association begins its grape boycott.
1966: Rodolfo Acuna starts teaching the first Mexican American history class in Los Angeles. Cesar Chavez leads a 343-mile march--or pilgrimage--from Delano to Sacramento, CA, taking 25 days and arriving on Easter Sunday. The United Farm Workers wins a contract with a major grape grower.
1967: The Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO) is founded on college campuses in San Antonio, Texas. In Los Angeles, David Sanchez and others form the Brown Berets to begin a series of pickets in front of police stations. June: Takeover of the Tierra Amarilla County Courthouse in New Mexico by Reis Tijerina.
1968: Cesar Chavez begins a 25-day fast near Delano, stating that he is fasting in penitence for farm workers’ moral problems and talk of violence. Denver Chicanos begin a boycott of Coors Brewery for discriminatory hiring. Students protest educational and military draft policies and walk out of schools in California and Texas.
1969: Chicano Youth Liberation Movement organized by Corky Gonzalez in Denver Colorado.
1970: Raza Unida Party was established on January 17, 1970, at a meeting of 300 Mexican Americansqv at Campestre Hall in Crystal City, Texas.
August 29, 1970: The Chicano Moratorium Against the Viet Nam War with some 30,000 people march and rally in East Los Angeles. Ruben Salazar, columnist with the Los Angeles Times and news director at KMEX, killed in August of 1970 as he was covering the massive Chicano moratorium protests against the Vietnam War, which was the largest demonstration of Latinos in American history up to that time. Salazar was shot by a ten-inch tear gas projectile by a sheriff, a Los Angeles sheriff, and hit by a tear gas projectile and killed. As a result of that the California Chicano News Media Association, which was the first association of professional Latino journalists, developed in the wake of Ruben Salazar's death and CCNMA, as it’s known in California, eventually gave birth to the National Association of Hispanic Journalists.
1972: La Raza Unida Party had spread to many other states, held its first national conference in El Paso, Texas on September 1-4, 1972.
1974: The Southwest Voter Registration Education Project is established. Raul Castro becomes the first Chicano governor of Arizona.
1975: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is extended to Hispanic Americans
Source: Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement
1992: Joe Serna, Jr. Elected Mayor of Sacramento, California.
1999: November= Sacramento Mayor Joe Serna Jr. died of kidney cancer and complications from diabetes.
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Websources:
http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/MM/wem1.html
http://www.tuhsd.k12.az.us/Compadre_HS/servicelearning/ChicanoCivilRightsMovementTimeline.doc
http://www.houstonculture.org/hispanic/memorial.html
Email: info@houstonculture.org
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New Link for Further Research=
To: Aztlannet_News@yahoogroups.com
From: davidsanchezphd@webtv.net t
Date: Thu, 16 Nov 2006 04:33:29 -0800
Subject: [Aztlannet_News] Mexican American and Chicano News - Important Dates in Chicano Studies
http://www.mexicana mericanuniversit y.com/forum/ view.php? site=mexicanamer icanuniversityco m&bn=mexicanamer icanuniversityco m_mauforum1& key=1131655199
Important Dates in Chicano Studies Hits: 173
Moderator [Moderator]
on 2005-10-11 15:39 [ ]
Reply List Expand Monitor
The Rise and Decline of Native Civilizations. Maya civilization 2000 B.C. to 1300 A.C. -- Teotihuacan civilization and city 200 B.C. to 800 A.C. -- Tolteca civilization 900 A.C. to 1100 A.C. -- Azteca civilization 1200 A.C. to 1521 A.C. -- On November 8, 1519, Hernan Cortez enters the capital city of the Aztecas, called Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). Because Cortez over-played his stay, the Aztecas defeated Cortez in battle as the conquestadores attempted to leave with the stolen gold. This battle took place on June 30, 1520, and was called "Noche Triste" by the Spanish. 10 months later Cortez returns to attack the Aztecas with a larger number of fresh Conquestadores and Tlaxcallins who were enemies of the Aztecas.(tlaxcalli is the word for tortilla) After 2 months of battle, On August 13, 1521 The main Azteca city of Tenochtitlan fell to the Spanish after two months of bombing by small spanish ships and endless battles.--300 years later, Mexico wins its independence from Spain in 1812. --On March 6, 1836 Mexican troops defended their territory by defeating invading pioneers at the Alamo. Later, General Sanata Ana was physically forced into surrendering Texas over to the U.S. --10 years later, the Mexican American war broke out from 1846 to 1848, of which, Mexico surrenders over 1/3 of its territory. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed to stop the war in 1848. This conditional surrender garanteed rights for Mexican Americans living in the U.S. -- Cinco de Mayo, May 5,1862, the French changed their "nice policy" from collecting a debt from Mexico to attacking Mexico City.Then, they are stoped at the battle of Puebla and later defeated --1910 Civil War breaks out in Mexico on November 20,1910 as the day of rebellion was to begin as ordered by Francisco Madero. An estimated one million people died in the Mexican Revolution including Madero, Carranza, and Pancho Villa who was killed in 1923 -- 1941-45. World War 2, an estimated 20 thousand Mexican Americans and Latinos gave their lives to help stop the take over of other nations by Germany, Japan, and Italy.-- 1943 Zoot Suit Riots broke out in Downtown Los Angeles. Hundreds of U.S. Army and Navy servicemen were attacking young Chicanos in the streets. The Mexican government demanded that militery personell leave the Los Angeles Central Area. -- 1943 Color Television is invented by Guillermo Gonzales Camarena in Mexico City.-- 1960 Dr. George Sanchez from the League of United Latino Citizens devoted his time to improve conditions in Texas Schools. -- In 1962 Cesar Chavez founded the Farm Workers Association to improve working conditions for Farmworkers in rural areas throughout the U.S. --In 1967, 19 year old David Sanchez dedicated his time to organize 60 groups called the Brown Berets and he also founded the Chicano Moratorium Committee to improve living conditions in the cities. By the strategies of David Sanchez, he became one of the most influential leaders in the Mexican American Civil Rights Era. -- On March 1,5,6,7 in 1968 over ten thousand Chicano Students walked out at five high schools in L.A. to demand better education and to open the doors at colleges and universities. From this, nine Brown Berets and four others were arrested on conspiracy to disrupt the schools. Charges were later droped. --November 1968 Luis W. Alvarez wins Nobel Preace Prize in Physics UC Berkeley --In December 1969, David Sanchez organized the first mass protest demonstration in East L.A at Obregon Park to oppose the war in Vietnam. In August 29,1970, another mass protest was organized to oppose the war which left three people dead and many injured or arrested as the police began to confront demonstrators by force. Reporter Ruben Salazar, observer Angel Diaz, and 14 year old Lyn Ward were killed. --On January 31, 1971, another mass protest in East L.A. resulted in a riot with 35 wounded and one dead resulting from police gunfire. -- May 5, 1971, The Chicano Moratorium Committee and the Brown Berets organized a three month march from Calexico to Sacramento to protest at the state capitol for prison reform, for more Chicano Studies classes, and for better state services. This march was called La Marcha de La Reconquesta. At the end of the Marcha on August 29, 1971, the Brown Berets organized a car caravan called La Caravana de La Reconquesta which went to over 80 barrios in the U.S. (read Expedition Through Aztlan). -- On August 30, 1972, 26 Brown Berets lead by peacefully occupied a hill on Catalina Island to bring attention to problems facing the Mexican American Community, and also to bring attention to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which garanteed rights for Mexican Americans after the Mexican American war in 1848. This event brought about international attention because the islands off the cost of California were not included in the treaty as being a part of the new U.S. Boundries in 1848.-- (to be continued)www.mexicanamericanuniversity.com
Subject Author Date
MAU NEWS and EVENTS Administrator 2004-05-08 15:15
Lecture at Phoenix, Arizona Moderator 2004-20-08 19:14
Understanding the MAU General Strategy MAU 2004-28-10 19:55
Important Dates in Chicano Studies Moderator 2005-10-11 15:39
General News Update Moderator 2006-17-07 22:09
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