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on 2005-10-11 15:39 [ ]
The Rise and Decline of Native Civilizations.
Maya civilization 2000 B.C. to 1300 A.C. --
Teotihuacan civilization and city 200 B.C. to 800 A.C. --
Tolteca civilization 900 A.C. to 1100 A.C. --
Azteca civilization 1200 A.C. to 1521 A.C. --
On November 8, 1519, Hernan Cortez enters the capital city of the Aztecas, called Tenochtitlan (Mexico City). Because Cortez over-played his stay, the Aztecas defeated Cortez in battle as the conquestadores attempted to leave with the stolen gold. This battle took place on June 30, 1520, and was called "Noche Triste" by the Spanish. 10 months later Cortez returns to attack the Aztecas with a larger number of fresh Conquestadores and Tlaxcallins who were enemies of the Aztecas.(tlaxcalli is the word for tortilla) After 2 months of battle, On August 13, 1521 The main Azteca city of Tenochtitlan fell to the Spanish after two months of bombing by small spanish ships and endless battles.
--300 years later, Mexico wins its independence from Spain in 1812.
--On March 6, 1836 Mexican troops defended their territory by defeating invading pioneers at the Alamo. Later, General Sanata Ana was physically forced into surrendering Texas over to the U.S.
--10 years later, the Mexican American war broke out from 1846 to 1848, of which, Mexico surrenders over 1/3 of its territory. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed to stop the war in 1848. This conditional surrender garanteed rights for Mexican Americans living in the U.S.
-- Cinco de Mayo, May 5,1862, the French changed their "nice policy" from collecting a debt from Mexico to attacking Mexico City.Then, they are stoped at the battle of Puebla and later defeated
--1910 Civil War breaks out in Mexico on November 20,1910 as the day of rebellion was to begin as ordered by Francisco Madero. An estimated one million people died in the Mexican Revolution including Madero, Carranza, and Pancho Villa who was killed in 1923
-- 1941-45. World War 2, an estimated 20 thousand Mexican Americans and Latinos gave their lives to help stop the take over of other nations by Germany, Japan, and Italy.
-- 1943 Zoot Suit Riots broke out in Downtown Los Angeles. Hundreds of U.S. Army and Navy servicemen were attacking young Chicanos in the streets. The Mexican government demanded that militery personell leave the Los Angeles Central Area.
-- 1943 Color Television is invented by Guillermo Gonzales Camarena in Mexico City.
-- 1960 Dr. George Sanchez from the League of United Latino Citizens devoted his time to improve conditions in Texas Schools.
-- In 1962 Cesar Chavez founded the Farm Workers Association to improve working conditions for Farmworkers in rural areas throughout the U.S.
--In 1967, 19 year old David Sanchez dedicated his time to organize 60 groups called the Brown Berets and he also founded the Chicano Moratorium Committee to improve living conditions in the cities. By the strategies of David Sanchez, he became one of the most influential leaders in the Mexican American Civil Rights Era.
-- On March 1,5,6,7 in 1968 over ten thousand Chicano Students walked out at five high schools in L.A. to demand better education and to open the doors at colleges and universities. From this, nine Brown Berets and four others were arrested on conspiracy to disrupt the schools. Charges were later droped.
--November 1968 Luis W. Alvarez wins Nobel Preace Prize in Physics UC Berkeley
--In December 1969, David Sanchez organized the first mass protest demonstration in East L.A at Obregon Park to oppose the war in Vietnam.
--In August 29,1970, another mass protest was organized to oppose the war which left three people dead and many injured or arrested as the police began to confront demonstrators by force. Reporter Ruben Salazar, observer Angel Diaz, and 14 year old Lyn Ward were killed.
--On January 31, 1971, another mass protest in East L.A. resulted in a riot with 35 wounded and one dead resulting from police gunfire.
-- May 5, 1971, The Chicano Moratorium Committee and the Brown Berets organized a three month march from Calexico to Sacramento to protest at the state capitol for prison reform, for more Chicano Studies classes, and for better state services. This march was called La Marcha de La Reconquesta.
-- At the end of the Marcha on August 29, 1971, the Brown Berets organized a car caravan called La Caravana de La Reconquesta which went to over 80 barrios in the U.S. (read Expedition Through Aztlan).
-- On August 30, 1972, 26 Brown Berets lead by peacefully occupied a hill on Catalina Island to bring attention to problems facing the Mexican American Community, and also to bring attention to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which garanteed rights for Mexican Americans after the Mexican American war in 1848. This event brought about international attention because the islands off the cost of California were not included in the treaty as being a part of the new U.S. Boundries in 1848.-- (to be continued)www.mexicanamericanuniversity.com
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